ⅱ、一般過去時
1. 形式
1) 動詞be除第一人稱單數和第三人稱單數用was外,其余一律用were。
2) 動詞have一律用had。
3) 行為動詞過去時的形式分兩種:規則動詞和不規則動詞。前者由動詞原形+(e)d構成,如worked, used, studied, stopped等,后者如made, said, wrote等,屬于不規則的構成形式, 須逐個記憶。
過去式/過去分詞構成不規則的動詞,常見的有:
make –made –made;
say – said – said
write – wrote – written
go – went – gone
do– did – done
leave –left –left
sleep – slept – slept
rise –rose –risen
arise –arose –arisen
drive --drove –driven
drink – drunk – drunk
take –took –taken
put – put –put
beat –beat – beaten
come –came –come
run –ran –run
choose –chose –chosen
give –gave –given
cut –cut—cut
break – broke –broken
meet – met --met
ring –rang –rung
beat – beat --beaten
一般過去時態基本用法
用于表示過去的某時刻或某一時期內的動作或狀態。常與表明過去時間的狀語連用,如yesterday, then(當時), just now(剛才), two days ago, 或由when或while等引導的表明過去時間的狀語從句。
e.g. we met (遇見)him last month(上個月).
e.g. they stayed at home yesterday.
e.g. he was a doctor.
一般過去時態否定結構的構成:
1) 如果謂語部分是行為動詞,在構成否定結構時, 需要在謂語結構中的行為動詞的前面添加助動詞did和否定副詞, 并且需要把原來謂語部分的過去分詞結構還原成動詞的原形。
e.g. we met him last month.-- we didn’t meet him last month.
e.g. they stayed at home yesterday.—they didn’t stay at home yesterday.
2) 如果謂語部分是be動詞,在構成否定結構時只需要直接在be的后面添加否定副詞not。
e.g. he wasn’t out yesterday.
e.g. there wasn’t anyone in the room just now. (anyone –anybody)
一般過去時態疑問結構:簡單提一下:
e.g. we met him last month. – did you meet him last month?
e.g. he was out. – was he out?
e.g. he wasn’t out yesterday.—wasn’t he out yesterday?
練習與體會:
(2004年理工hurricanes(颶風))
(1)did you know(知道) that before 1950, hurricanes(颶風) had(有) no names(名字)? (2)they were simply(僅僅) given(被給出的) numbers(數字). (3)the first names(颶風的首名) were simply alpha, bravo, charlie, etc. (4)but(女性的) names were given(被給與)because of(因為) the unpredictability (不可預知) factor(因素) of the storms(暴風雨). in 1953, female
ⅲ、一般將來時
1. 形式
第一人稱后接:“shall+動詞原形”
第二、三人稱后接:“will+動詞原形”
注:在美國英語中第一、二、三人稱都用“will +動詞原形”
2. 基本用法:
用在表示將來的動作或狀態:shall/will + v. (將…)
e.g.they will win(贏). 我們將會贏的。
e.g. he will let (讓) you know(知道). 他將會讓你知道的。
〔主語為第一人稱時〕一般將來時態常翻譯為“要,想要, 將要, 打算要”
e.g. we shall (will) go(去) to (往) nanjing tomorrow(明天) morning. 我們明天早上要去南京。
e.g. we will/shall invite(邀請)you to our party(宴會). 我們想邀請你參加我們的宴會。
e.g. i will/shall be a good boy(孩子). 我要做一個好孩子。