new class：
（一） 主謂結構
一、主語
1．主語：主語是一個句子的主題，是一個句子所述說的主體。主語一般都放在句首。
2．能夠構成主語的：
名詞：
the building was built in 1980. (單個名詞)
tow-thirds of young teachers are women (名詞短語)
to beijing is not very far.（介詞短語）
代詞:
they are my good friends. （人稱代詞）
nobody knows where he is . (不定代詞)
who is coming? (疑問代詞)
數詞：three is enough.
動名詞：reading english is easier than speaking it.
不定式：to find your way can be a problem.
從句： whenever you are ready will be fine.
二、謂語
1．謂語：是用來說明主語的情況，為主語提供信息的，謂語一般都放在主語之后。
謂語分為簡單謂語和復合謂語。
2．簡單謂語：
由一個動詞或者動詞詞組構成
i doubt it .
what happened?
she likes yellow.
the plane took off at ten o’clock.
3．復合謂語：a 情態動詞，助動詞+動詞原型
can you explain解釋 this sentence?句子
no one dare speak of 說到談及it。
i don’t know.
he will help me solve 解決the problem.問題
he was found 發現lying 躺on the floor.地板
b是系動詞+表語構成的復合謂語
my book is on the desk
it sounds a good idea.好注意
roses smell sweet.香甜
練習：
1．找出句子中的主語：
(1) rowing 劃船is my favourite最喜歡的 sport.運動
(2) something must be done
(3) to cross穿過 from one end to the other這邊到另一邊 was difficult困難的 because of因為 the water.
2．找出謂語
(1) he could heart聽到 two person 人talking 談話in the room.在房間里面
(2) two young 年輕的girls came by.過來
(3) my lady我夫人 keeps a list of the names一份名單 in a little red book.
(4) he turned變成 pin and pale蒼白的 during期間 this speech.演講
提示：謂語如何辨別：
1．出現在主語后面
2．有人稱上數的變化，
3．有時態的變化
4．在一些助動詞，情態動詞后面。
（二）主語和謂語的一致
一、語法一致：要求主語和謂語一致
1）主語是單數，謂語也是單數；主語是復數，謂語也必須是復數。
the child is playing outside.外面
the chidren are playing outside.
2) 如果主語是抽象的概念，謂語一般都用單數。
smoke is harmful 有害的to your body.身體
five plus four equals等于 nine.
二、意念要一致：
1）the family were watching tv last night.
the family has been here for many years.
my family was very poor.
my family are quiet well,now.
2）一些集體名詞，單復數形式相同：police military（軍隊、自衛隊）personnel（全體人員，全體職工），cattle(家畜)
等做主語，謂語用復數形式
the police are going to question詢問 him.
our personnel are very highly trained.
3) 由and 連接的兩個名詞時，指一樣東西用單數，指兩樣東西用復數。
iron and steel industry 工業plays an important role起著重要的作用 in our national economy.國家經濟
the red and the white rose are both beautiful.
4）主語是單數，后面接with和 ,together with和 ,as well as以及 ,except除了，including 包含 in addition to 除---以外等詞，謂語單數（只是附加成分起到修飾）
john, together with his wife ,was at the party.
no one 沒有人 except 除了them speaks說 some chinese.漢語
5）由 each, some, any ,no ,every構成的代詞做主語，謂語單數。
everybody was glad 高興to see her back.返回
somebody wants to see me.
there is really真正地，實在 nothing to be said.要說
6）由 both ,some ,many ,few, all 后的謂語都用復數
both of them are chinese.中國人。
all the students are girls.
7) 不定式短語，動名詞，短語，從句做主語是，謂語一般用單數。
no news消息 is good news.
in the evening is best for me.
whether 是否we should have a test測試 has been decided.（決定)
8）在，or 或者 ,either---or----兩者選一的---,neither----nor----既不也不，,not only---but also----不僅，而且，等連接的兩個并列主語，謂語動詞采用就近一致的原則。
he or i am in the wrong.
not only the students but also their teacher is enjoying喜歡the film.電影
neither he nor they are mistaken.錯誤。