ⅱ不定式或不定式短語的用法:
不定式在句子中可作主語、表語、賓語、定語、狀語和補足語。
1.作主語
不定式或不定式短語作主語時,謂語動詞用第三人稱單數,如:
to serve the people is our duty. 為人民服務是我們的職責。
動詞不定式短語作主語時,往往放在謂語動詞的后面,用引導詞it作形式主語。上述兩句也可改為:
it is our duty to serve the people. 為人民服務是我們的職責。
形式主語的結構在職稱英語考題中常見,在職稱英語考試中常出現的形式主語的句型有:
it is/was/has been/had been/ will be/ would be + n.+ to do
it is our duty(職責) to help(幫助) them.
it is/was/has been/had been/ will be/would be +adj.+ (for sb./sth.)+ to do
it is easy(容易的) for us to answer(回答) this question(問題).(介詞for引出不定式結構的邏輯主語)
補充:
answer the door v. 去開門(迎客)
answer the telephone v. 接電話
it takes/took/will take/would take sb.+ time/money + to do 做...會花掉/花了/將花掉某人...時間/錢
it will take you quite a (相當...的)long time to finish it.
補充:
quite a few adj. 相當多(修飾可數名詞)
quite a little adj. 許多的(修飾不可數名詞)
quite a number of adj. 相當多的