3.作賓語
有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語,如:agree(同意), begin(開始), decide(決定), desire(期望), determine(決定, 決心), expect(期望), forget(忘記), hope(希望), learn(學會), like(喜歡), love(愛), mean(打算), offer(愿意), plan(計劃), pretend(假裝), promise(答應), refuse(拒絕), regret(抱歉), remember(記住), try(試圖), stop(停下來去...), want(想要)等,如:
the boy decided(決定) not to become(成為) a teacher(老師).
she refused(拒絕) to help me.
如果不定式作賓語而又跟有賓語補足語時,要用“it”作形式賓語,而將真正的賓語(不定式)放到補足語后面去,如:
we found(認為, 發現) it impossible(不可能的) to finish the work in such a short time.
i consider(認為) it necessary (有必要的)to collect(收集) sufficient(足夠的) data(資料) for our research(研究).
形式賓語的結構也是考生在復習中需要重點關注的語法內容。在涉及形式賓語的句子結構中, 句子中真正的賓語除了可以是在句末出現的不定式結構外,還可以是在句末出現的動名詞結構和賓語從句, 如:
we took it for granted that we would win(贏).(it是形式賓語,句中真正的賓語是位于該句句末的賓語從句)
補充:
take...for granted 想當然地認為...
we considered it important(重要的) thinking for ourselves. (it是形式賓語,句中真正的賓語是位于該句句末的的動名詞結構)
補充:
think for oneself = on one’s own/ 獨立地
注意:forget, remember, stop這幾個詞后面既可以跟不定式結構也可以跟動名詞結構,但結構含義差別較大:
forget to do.../忘記要做...
forget doing.../忘記做過...
remember to do.../記住要做...
remember doing.../記住做過...
stop to do.../停下來去做...
stop doing.../停止做...
同時:want, need 這兩個動詞也是既可以跟不定式結構也可以跟動名詞結構,但跟動名詞結構時,是用“主動”表示“被動”。
the house wants/needs painting. 房子需要油漆了