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動名詞前可以有自己的邏輯主語,作為該動名詞所表示的動作的發出者。用作動名詞邏輯主語的詞類有:物主代詞、名詞所有格(即名詞后加“s”,意為“...的”)、或人稱代詞賓格。如:
his taking part in (參加)the work will help(幫助) us a lot(非常多).
we are looking forward to(期待) betty’s coming.
 she doesn’t like my father and me interfering in (干涉)her affairs(事情).

分詞也是一種非謂語動詞,在句中不能單獨作謂語,沒有人稱和數的變化,它可以帶賓語、狀語和表語構成分詞短語。分詞有現在分詞和過去分詞兩種。
1.    現在分詞和過去分詞的構成
a.現在分詞由原形動詞+ing構成,
+ ing)            play (玩,扮演, 進行比賽) - playing
(去掉末尾的e+ ing)take (拿走, 獲得,占領)- taking
(雙寫末尾輔音字母+ ing)stop (停止) – stopping
(把ie改為y + ing)lie (說謊, 躺,位于)- lying

b.過去分詞分兩類,一類是規則動詞,由原形動詞+ed構成, 如:
start – started - started
excite – excited - excited
copy – copied - copied
stop – stopped - stopped
另一類是不規則動詞,如come, spoken, written等,需記憶。
 
不規則變化(考生需要掌握以下進行不規則變化的動詞)
1.動詞原形、過去式和過去分詞完全同形
cut(切, 減少) - cut - cut
hit(打)- hit - hit
hurt(傷害) - hurt - hurt
put(放)- put - put
let(讓, 出租)- let -let
shut(關) - shut – shut
cost(花費)- cost - cost
set(放, 設定) - set – set

2.過去式與過去分詞完全同形
find(找到) - found - found
pay(支付) - paid - paid
leave(離開, 使保持...狀態)- left -left
lend(借出)- lent -lent
meet(遇見)- met - met
keep(保持) - kept -kept
lose(丟失) -lost -lost
teach(教) -taught -taught
sit(坐) - sat –sat
lead(引導)- led - led
win(贏)- won – won
say(說,講) – said – said
spend (花費) – spent – spent   

3
.動詞原形與過去分詞同形
come(來) - came - come
run(跑, 管理,開動) - ran - run
become(成為) -became - become

4.動詞原形,過去式,過去分詞形式完全不同
be (是, 在)– was - were
give(給) - gave – given
fly(飛) - flew – flown
drink(喝) - drank – drunk
see(看見)- saw - seen
go(去) - went - gone
know(知道)- knew – known  
wear(穿)- wore – worn  
speak(說) - spoke – spoken
write(寫) – wrote - written

注意:lie有規則變化和不規則變化兩種,含義不同
lie – lied - lied(說謊)
lie – lay - lain(躺,位于)
注意:hang 有規則變化和不規則變化兩種,含義不同
hang – hanged - hanged(處絞刑)
hang - hung - hung(掛,吊)


2.    分詞的時態和語態
現在分詞有一般式和完成式,并有主動和被動語態。過去分詞則只有一種形式,現以動詞study為例:
 
主動
被動
現在分詞
一般式
studying
being studied
完成式
having studied
having been studied
過去分詞
 
studied