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2.用法
(1) 與現在事實相反的假定,如:
if the sun stopped (停止)radiating(發射出(光,熱), 輻射) heat(熱) and light(光), life(生命) on earth(地球) would be impossible(不可能的) .
 
if i were you, i should start (開始)packing(收拾行李) now.
 
(2) 與過去事實相反的假定,如:
if you had started your work(工作) earlier(更早地), you would have finished(完成) it. (would: 要, 會, 就會, 將要)
 
 (3) 推測未來不可能實現或實現可能性很小的假定。如:
if i should live(生活) in the twenty-second century(世紀), i would spend (度過)my vacation(假期)on the moon(月球).
 
注:
1.虛擬條件除用從句表示外,還可以通過介詞短語等來表示,這時句中動詞也用虛擬語氣,如:
without dust(灰塵), there would be no clouds(云) and no rain(雨).
 
but for(要不是) your cooperation(合作), my business(企業) would have collapsed(垮掉).
 
2.虛擬條件句中如果出現了were, had或should等詞,通常引起部分倒裝,但如從句中沒有were, had或should,則不能這樣做。如:
e.g. had he come home(回家), he would have met(遇見) his mother(母親).
←←←← if he had come home, he would have met his mother.

虛擬語氣的其他常見用法
1.在表示愿望、建議、要求、命令等含義的動詞后所帶的賓語從句及由這些動詞派生的同根名詞后面出現的主語從句、表語從句及同位語從句中的謂語一般用虛擬語氣,即“should +動詞原形”或只用動詞原形。這類從句常見的動詞有:demand(要求), request(要求), require(要求), propose(建議), suggest(建議), recommend(建議), move (提議), order(命令), command(命令), insist(堅決主張/要求) 等, 如:
we all(全部) insist(堅持主張) that we(should) not rest(休息) until we finish the work.
 
2.某些形容詞后面的主語從句的謂語用虛擬語氣
it is necessary(必要的) (important(重要的), essential(必要的), advisable(明智的),better(更好的))等句型中的主語從句中,謂語一般用“should +動詞原形”或只用動詞原形, 如:
e.g. it is essential(必要的)  that men in space(太空) should take (攜帶)their own(自己的) air(空氣) with them in order to (為了)breathe(呼吸).
 
虛擬語氣的其他常見用法
 
3.在“it is (high, about) time + 從句”的結構中,從句結構由連接詞that引導, that也可以省略掉,從句謂語動詞用過去式。該結構可理解為“該是做...的時候了”, 如:
it’s (about) time (that) the children(孩子們) went to bed(上床睡覺).

l         形容詞和副詞的比較級結構
 
    英語中的形容詞或副詞在構成比較級或最高級時會出現規則變化和不規則變化兩種形式, 進行規則變化時還需要根據單詞的音節數進行區分:
 
單音節形容詞及副詞比較級及最高級的構成形式:
在單音節形容詞及副詞后及少數雙音節形容詞和少數副詞原級后, 加-er(構成比較級), -est(構成最高級)。
cold(寒冷的, 冷淡的) – colder – coldest
small (小的)– smaller – smallest
 
dry(干的, 干燥的) – drier – driest
hot(熱的, 熱情的, 辣的) – hotter – hottest
 
pretty(漂亮的) – prettier – prettiest
 
hard(努力地,辛苦地) – harder – hardest