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西藏旅游：揭去神秘的面紗

西藏地處中國西南部。13世紀中葉，正式納入中國元代版圖。盡管中國歷經多次改朝換代，政權更迭，但是，西藏始終在中央政府控制之下，是中國的一個不可分割的部分。

今天是一個以噴氣式飛機、高速公路和計算機網絡為標志的信息時代。世界上具有神秘色彩的地方已所剩無幾，西藏卻是一個例外。

由于其地理位置偏僻、地形地貌獨特，原始的自然風光和仍鮮為人知的民俗風情，以及本世紀初一些外國探險家?guī)Щ厝サ姆N種宣傳，這一切可能使人們對西藏形成一種神秘感。

西藏位于中國西南邊陲，它北鄰新疆維吾爾自治區(qū)和青海省，東接四川省和云南省，南面與緬甸、印度、不丹和尼泊爾等國接壤。西面與印度接壤。拉薩是首府和最大的城市。

西藏平均海拔4900米，是世界上最高的地區(qū)，素有―世界匡脊‖之稱。西藏大多數人居住在海拔1200米到5100米的地方。西藏南、西、北三面分別被喜馬拉雅山，喀喇昆侖山和昆侖山所環(huán)抱，是世界上與外界隔絕的地方之一。

由于地理條件不同，藏南谷地和藏北高原溫差很大。南部溫和多雨，降雨集中在五月到九月之間。北部屬大陸性氣候，相對干燥，六月到八月溫暖，晝夜溫差大。旅游的最佳時間是三月到八月。

西藏歷史文化悠久。考古發(fā)掘遺跡表明4000至兩萬年前就有人棲息于此。勤勞勇敢的西藏人民創(chuàng)造了充滿活力、豐富多彩的文化習俗，是一個富于獨特的傳統文化、能歌善舞的民族。

西藏天文學、歷算先進，醫(yī)學發(fā)達，擁有大量經典和文學作品。西藏的藝術瑰寶有繪畫、建筑、雕刻、音樂、舞蹈、民間戲劇。西藏各地都有著名的古代藝術景點，其中最著名的景點有布達拉宮、扎什倫布寺、大昭寺和小昭寺等。這里的觀光旅游和民俗風情旅游，是世界上最為獨特的。

上世紀初，西方第一個闖入西藏的瑞典探險家斯文·赫定，進藏時有130匹馬，抵達日喀則時僅剩下兩匹公馬和一頭母馬。他在《亞洲大陸旅行記》中寫道：在西藏―我們每邁出一步是對地球的一次新發(fā)現，每一個地名意味著占領了一塊新的土地。直到1907年1月為止，找們對地球的這個部分和對月球背面一樣一無所知。

本世紀西藏的交通運輸發(fā)生了巨大的變化。在斯文·赫定進入西藏后的本世紀上半葉，這里甚至連半英里公路和一輛卡車都沒有，運輸主要靠肩背和牲畜馱運。從拉薩到雅安的牦牛運輸一年僅有一次。自1950年農奴制廢除后，在極為艱難的條件下，先后修筑了川藏、青藏、新藏、滇藏4條省際公路干線。與此同時，在自治區(qū)境內，形成了以拉薩、日喀則、昌都和那曲為中心的公路網，98%的縣都通了公路。在此期間，還建成了青藏鐵路。1956年，航空人員突破號稱―空中禁區(qū)11的青藏高原上空，試航成功。現在拉薩與國內的北京、成都、重慶，以及尼泊爾的加德滿都，都有定期航班12往返。

如今游客可以以多種方式進入西藏，他們可以乘汽車從新疆、青海、四川或云南到西藏，也可以乘飛機從北京、成都或重慶到拉薩。

現代游客渴望重返大自然，欣賞大自然。西藏地域廣闊、人口稀少，高山白雪皚皚、森林郁郁蔥蔥、杜鵑滿山遍野，河流奔騰不息，湖泊靜謐安詳。焚題庫這里絕大多數地方沒有污染，散發(fā)著淡談的原始醇香。在這里人們可以盡情地享受大自然的恩賜。

參考譯文

The Tourism of Tibet: Reveal the Mysterious Veil

Tibet is located in the southwest of China. It formally belonged to the domain of the Yuan Dynasty in the mid-thirteenth century. Although China has undertaken changes and replacements of dynasties and central governments in Chinese history, Tibet has always been under the control by the central government and been an inseparable part of China.

Today is an age of information with jet aircrafts, highways and network of computers as its symbols. Mysterious places are rare to be found in the world, but Tibet is an exception.

Because of its geographical position, unique topography and terrain; unknown but existent original customs and natural scenery; and various propagandas brought back by foreign explorers, all these render people possible to form a mysterious picture of Tibet.

Tibet is located in the southwest of China. It is bounded on the north by Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province; on the east by Sichuan and Yunnan provinces; on the south by Myanmar (formerly known as Burma) ,India, Bhutan ,and Nepal; and on the west by India. Lhasa is the region's capital and largest city.

With an average elevation of 4,900 m, Tibet is the highest region on earth. For this reason, it is sometimes called the Roof of the World. Most of the people in Tibet live at elevations ranging from l,200 m to 5,100 m. Tibet is also one of the world's most isolated regions, surrounded by the Himalayas on the south, the Karakoram Range on the west, and the Kunlun Mountains on the north.

Due to the different geographical conditions, temperatures of the south grassland and north plateau differ sharply. The south is warm and rainy. Most rain falls during May and September. The north has a continental climate, and is a relatively dry area. It is warm from June to August. The weather differs sharply during day and night. The best time for traveling is from March to October.

Tibet has a long history. Ancient remains show that human beings lived here from 4, thousand to 20 thousand years ago. Tibetans are so diligent and brave that they have created diverse cultural customs. This is a nation with special traditional culture and a nation keen on dancing and singing.

Tibet is advanced in astronomy, ancient algorithm and medicine. Tibet is abounded of classics and literature works. Among Tibetan art treasures are painting, architecture, carving, music, dancing, folk opera. Of famous ancient art sites all around Tibet, the most well-known sites are the Potala Palace, Zhaxilhunbo Temple, Jokhang Temple, Ramoche Temple and etc. The tour of these places and the local customs are the most special in the world.

At the beginning of last century, Sven Hedin ,a Sweden explorer who made the first travel to Tibet from the western world, arrived at Gzhis-ka-rtse with only two horses and one mare which were ever as many as 130 horses and mares when he first entered Tibet. He said in his Travel in the Asian Continent that in Tibet," every step we'd taken made a new discovery about the earth and each name of the place meant a new occupation. We knew nothing about this part of our planet as we did the back of the moon until Jan. ~ 1907. "

Transportation in Tibet has changed a lot throughout this century. In the first half, there was not even one mile of road or one truck, and the transportation was based on man's labor and stock. Yak conveyance from Lhasa to Yaan was conducted only once a year. After 1950 when serfdom was eliminated, four roads from Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Yunnan to Tibet were built despite great difficulties. And at the same time inside this autonomous zone, road network were formed centering on Lhasa, Gzhis-ka-rtse, Chabmdo and Nagqu, which extended to 98 percent of the counties. Railway from Qinghai to Tibet was built at this time. In 1956, airmen succeeded in their first aerial navigation above the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau which ever meant the "forbidden area" .Now there are regular flights between Lhasa and Beijing, Chengdu, Chongqing and Kathmandu of Nepal.

Now tourists can enter Tibet in many ways, by bus from Xinjiang, Qinghai, Sichuan or Yunnan; by air from Beijing, Chengdu or Chongqing to Lhasa.

Modern tourists are eager to return to and enjoy the nature. Tibet has a large area, a small population, high mountains covered with snow, rich forests and booming azalea, rampage rivers and tranquil lakes. Most of the places are free from pollution and preserve their original state for people to enjoy the bounty of the nature.

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