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三級筆譯英譯漢試題
1.LONGYEARBYEN, Norway — With plant species disappearing at an alarming rate, scientists and governments are creating a global network of plant banks to store seeds and sprouts, precious genetic resources that may be needed for man to adapt the world’s food supply to climate change.
2.This week, the flagship of that effort, the Global Seed Vault near here, received its first seeds, millions of them. Bored into the middle of a frozen Arctic mountain topped with snow, the vault’s goal is to store and protect samples of every type of seed from every seed collection in the world.
3.As of Thursday, thousands of neatly stacked and labeled gray boxes of seeds — peas from Nigeria, corn from Mexico — reside in this glazed cavelike structure, forming a sort of backup hard drive, in case natural disasters or human errors erase the seeds from the outside world.
4.Descending almost 500 feet under the permafrost, the entrance tunnel to the seed vault is designed to withstand bomb blasts and earthquakes. An automated digital monitoring system controls temperature and provides security akin to a missile silo or Fort Knox. No one person has all the codes for entrance.
5.The Global Vault is part of a broader effort to gather and systematize information about plants and their genes, which climate change experts say may indeed prove more valuable than gold. In Leuven, Belgium, scientists are scouring the world for banana samples and preserving their shoots in liquid nitrogen before they become extinct. A similar effort is under way in France on coffee plants. A number of plants, most from the tropics, do not produce seeds that can be stored.
6.For years, a hodgepodge network of seed banks has been amassing seed and shoot collections in a haphazard manner. Labs in Mexico banked corn species. Those in Nigeria banked cassava. Now these scattershot efforts are being urgently consolidated and systematized, in part because of better technology to preserve plant genes and in part because of the rising alarm about climate change and its impact on world food production.
7.“We started thinking about this post-9/11 and on the heels of Hurricane Katrina,” said Cary Fowler, president of the Global Crop Diversity Trust, a nonprofit group that runs the vault. “Everyone was saying, why didn’t anyone prepare for a hurricane before? We knew it was going to happen.
8.“Well, we are losing biodiversity every day — it’s a kind of drip, drip, drip. It’s also inevitable. We need to do something about it.”
9.This week the urgency of the problem was underscored as wheat prices rose to record highs and wheat stores dropped to the lowest level in 35 years. A series of droughts and new diseases cut wheat production in many parts of the world. “The erosion of plants’ genetic resources is really going fast,” said Dr. Rony Swennen, head of the division of crop biotechnology at the Catholic University of Leuven in Belgium, who has preserved half of the world’s 1,200 banana types. “We’re at a critical moment and if we don’t act fast, we’re going to lose a lot of plants that we may need.”
10.The United Nations International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources, ratified in 2004, created a formal global network for banking and sharing seeds, as well as for studying their genetic traits. Last year, its database received thousands of new seeds.
11.A system of plant banks could be crucial in responding to climate crises since it could identify genetic material and plant strains better able to cope with a changed environment.
12.Here at the Global Vault, hundreds of gray boxes containing seeds from places ranging from Syria to Mexico were moved this week into a freezing vault to be placed in suspended animation. They harbor a vast range of qualities, like the ability to withstand drier, warmer climate.
挪威朗伊爾城——隨著植物物種正在以駭人聽聞的速度滅絕，科學家和各國政府正在創(chuàng)建全球網絡性的植物庫來儲存種子和苗芽。人類可以利用這些珍貴的種芽資源確保充足的食物供應，以應對氣候變化。
本周，作為這種不懈努力的旗艦機構，“全球種子地庫”接收了首批數(shù)百萬種的種子。該地庫建于北極的一座白雪皚皚的大山之中，其目標是儲存和保護世界各地收藏的各類種子樣本。
截至周四，成千上萬個堆放整齊且貼有標簽的灰色種盒在上釉的洞穴式結構中安家落戶，如尼日利亞的豌豆、墨西哥的玉米。這些盒子就如已經備份了的電腦硬盤，以防世界上的植物物種會因自然災害和人為破壞而消失。
通往種子地庫的入口隧道，位于永凍帶下約500英尺處，其設計旨在防御爆炸和地震。自動化數(shù)字監(jiān)控系統(tǒng)用于控制溫度并提供類似導彈發(fā)射井或福特諾克斯軍事基地的安全保障。任何人都不單獨擁有進入種子庫的全部密碼。
目前，世界上很多人士致力于收集種子及其種子基因的信息并使之系統(tǒng)化，全球種子地庫是這種全球性努力的的一個縮影。氣候變化專家稱，這些信息要比金子還要貴重。在比利時的魯汶，科學家正在搜集世界上的香蕉樣本并將香蕉芽保存在液體氮中，以防其滅絕。法國也正在進行類似的努力，保護咖啡物種。很多植物，大多數(shù)是來自熱帶地區(qū)的植物，無法通過種子繁殖，不能產生可供儲存的種子。
多年來，很多龐雜的種子庫網絡一直以隨意的方式收集種子和苗芽。例如，墨西哥的實驗室收藏玉米種，尼日利亞的實驗室收藏木薯種?，F(xiàn)在，正對這些分散的努力進行亟需的整合和系統(tǒng)化操作。之所以可以這樣做，部分原因是儲存植物基因技術的更新，部分原因是氣候變化的警鐘繼續(xù)長鳴及其對世界糧食產量的影響。
卡里·福勒是一家負責管理種子庫的非營利性組織全球作物多樣性托管會的總裁，他說：“我們是在‘9·11’事件之后、尤其是卡特里娜颶風之后，開始有這個構想的。” 他還說：“每個人都在問：為什么事先不作好迎接颶風的準備呢?我們明明知道會發(fā)生颶風的。”
他指出：“喏，我們每天都在損失生物多樣性——一點一滴地在損失。這種損失沒有止步的跡象，我們必須為此做點什么。”
本周，由于小麥價格上升到最高紀錄水平和小麥儲存量下滑到35年來最低水平，更加突出了這個問題的緊迫性。由于一連串的干旱及新的疾病，世界很多地方的小麥產量下降。羅尼·斯文奈恩博士現(xiàn)任比利時魯汶天主教大學作物生物技術部主任，他保存了世界上1200種香蕉種的一半以上。斯文奈恩博士說：“植物基因資源正在受到快速侵蝕。”他還指出：“我們正處于關鍵時刻，如果不迅速采取行動，我們將失去很多我們需要的植物物種。”
已于2004年獲得批準的聯(lián)合國國際植物基因資源條約創(chuàng)建了一個正式的全球網絡，旨在對種子進行儲存和共享并對其遺傳特征進行研究。去年，有成千上萬的新種子在其數(shù)據(jù)庫安家落戶。
由于植物庫系統(tǒng)能夠識別出那些對環(huán)境變化適應能力較強的基因物質和植物種類，因而這種系統(tǒng)能在應對氣候危機中發(fā)揮至關重要的作用。
本周，數(shù)以百計的裝有種子的灰色盒子從敘利亞、墨西哥等地運至全球種子地庫，藏于這個冷凍庫之中。儲存在這里的種子具有很多特性，如能夠抵御較為干燥和較A為溫暖的氣候。
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