短文理解 |||第一節(jié)短文理解 閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的[A]、[B]、[C]和[D]四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。

第21題單選修改

Why does the author mention dinosaurs at the end of the passage?

A．Because they could only live in the warm climate.

B．Because they once dominated the Earth.

C．Because their extinction indicates future disasters.

D．Because dinosaurs and humans never live in the same age.

參考答案：C

參考解析：C【解析】推理判斷題。為了證明這種災(zāi)難發(fā)生的可能性，作者舉例說(shuō)明。舉的例子是恐龍的滅絕。它們?cè)?jīng)在地球上生活了近l億6千萬(wàn)年，但是在6千5百萬(wàn)年前突然消失，所以證明未來(lái)的地球上可能發(fā)生災(zāi)難。所以正確的答案為C。

第22題單選修改

閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.

In July l994 Jupiter，the largest planet in our solar system，was struck by 21 pieces of a comet(彗星).When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the giant planet，the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth。But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?

The year is 2094.It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth.Most of it will miss our planet，but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth.The news has caused panic.

On 17 July，a fragment four kilometres wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion.About half of the fragment is destroyed.‘But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound.The sea boils and all enormous wave is created and spreads.

The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres a、n hour.Cities on the African coast are totally destroved and millions of people are drowned.The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.

Millions of people are akeady dead in the southern part of the Earth.but the north won’t escape for long.Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions.As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust，temperatures around the world fall to almost zero.Crops are mined.Wars break out as countries fight for food.A year later civilization.has collapsed.No more than 10 million people have survived.

Could it really happen?In fact，it has akeady happened more than once in the history of the Earth.The dinosaurs(恐龍)were on the Earth for over 160 million years.Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared.Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment.

The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct.Will we meet the same end?

{TS} Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the author’s description of the disaster in 2094?

A．The whole world becomes extremely cold.

B．All the coastal cities in Africa are destroyed.

C．The whole mankind becomes extinct.

D．The visit of the comet results in wars.

參考答案：C

參考解析： 參考譯文

1994年7月，太陽(yáng)系最大的行星，丘比特，被一個(gè)彗星的21個(gè)碎片撞擊了。當(dāng)碎片在這個(gè)巨型行星的南部著陸時(shí)，科學(xué)家在地球上就可以看到這些爆炸。但是如果我們的地球被彗星撞擊的話，后果是什么呢?

這件事將發(fā)生在2094年。據(jù)宣布，一個(gè)彗星正朝地球運(yùn)行。它的大部分碎片會(huì)與地球擦肩而過(guò)，但是有兩片可能會(huì)撞到地球的南部。這條消息引起了人們的恐慌。

在7月17號(hào)，伴隨一聲巨大的爆炸，一個(gè)四公里寬的碎片進(jìn)入了地球的大氣層。大約一半的碎片被大氣層的摩擦燃燒掉。但是碎片的大部分殘留了下來(lái)。它以200倍的聲速撞擊了南大西洋。海洋沸騰了，導(dǎo)致了巨大的海浪，并開(kāi)始蔓延。水墻以每小時(shí)800公里的速度向南非逼近。非洲沿岸的城市完全被破壞，數(shù)百萬(wàn)的人被淹死。海浪沖進(jìn)印度洋，并且向亞洲襲來(lái)。

在地球的南部已經(jīng)有數(shù)百萬(wàn)的人死亡，但是北部的人們也不會(huì)逃脫厄運(yùn)太久。爆炸將數(shù)噸重的碎片拋向大氣層，太陽(yáng)被灰塵遮蔽，世界溫度幾乎降到零度。農(nóng)作物被毀壞，國(guó)家之間為了爭(zhēng)奪食物發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。一年之后，人類文明蕩然無(wú)存。幸存的人不超過(guò)一千萬(wàn)。

這真可能發(fā)生嗎?事實(shí)上，在地球的歷史上，已經(jīng)發(fā)生過(guò)數(shù)次?？铸?jiān)诘厍蛏仙媪艘粌|六千萬(wàn)年。然后，在六千五百萬(wàn)年前，它們突然消失了。許多科學(xué)家們認(rèn)為地球被一個(gè)宇宙碎片撞擊了?？铸埐荒茉陔S后的寒冷氣候下幸存下來(lái)，所以他們滅絕了。我們會(huì)重復(fù)同樣的結(jié)束嗎?

答案及解析

C【解析】推理判斷題。作者在這篇科幻小說(shuō)中描述了2094年7月17日彗星撞擊地球后的情形。在倒數(shù)的第二段作者說(shuō)，A yearlater civilization has collapsed．No more than l0 million people havesurvived．而不是人類在地球上滅絕了。extinct意為“滅絕”。所以正確的答案為C。

第23題單選修改

In writing the passage，the author intends to__________.

A．give an accurate description of the possible disaster in the future

B．prove that humans will sooner or later be destroyed

C．tell the historical development of the Earth

D．warn of a possible disaster in the future

參考答案：D

參考解析：D【解析】推理判斷題。在這篇短文中，作者講述了2094年彗星撞擊地球后可能產(chǎn)生的災(zāi)難，目的是為了警告人們?cè)谖磥?lái)地球可能會(huì)遭受災(zāi)難。所以正確的答案為D。

第24題單選修改

閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.

Some people make you feel comfortable when they are around. These people have something in common. And once we know what it is we can try to do it ourselves.

How is it done? Here are several skills that good talkers have. If you follow the skills, they' 11 help you put people at their ease, and make friends with them quickly. First of all, good talkers ask questions. Almost anyone, no matter how shy he is, will answer a question. And how he answers will let you know how far you can go.

Second, once good talkers have asked questions, they listen to the answers. And to find out what sort of person you are talking to, you really have to listen carefully and attentively.

Real listening at least means some things. First it means not to change the subject of the con- versation. Real listening also means not just listening to words but to tones of voice. If the voice sounds dull, then, it' s time for you to change the subject.

Finally, good talkers know well now to deal with the occasion of parting. If you want to see that person again, don' t keep it a secret. Let people know what you feel, and they may walk away feeling as if they' ve known you half their life.

{TS} Asking questions might be a quite good and suitable way

A．for you to make more and more new friends

B．to begin your business talks

C．to get the conversation going smoothly

D．for you to make a deep and lasting impression on others

參考答案：C

參考解析：參考譯文

一些人在你身邊你會(huì)感覺(jué)很舒服。這些人有一些共性。一旦我們知道了這些共性，我們就會(huì)向這方面努力!應(yīng)該怎么做呢?下面就是善談?wù)邠碛械募记?。如果你掌握這些技巧，會(huì)讓你與人交往更容易，快速地和他們成為朋友。首先，善談?wù)咭獑?wèn)問(wèn)題。幾乎任何人，無(wú)論他是多么的羞澀，都會(huì)回答問(wèn)題。他如何回答會(huì)讓你知道如何進(jìn)行下一步。其次，一旦善談?wù)咛岢鰡?wèn)題。他們會(huì)傾聽(tīng)答案。要發(fā)現(xiàn)和你談話的是什么類型的人，你真的需要仔細(xì)認(rèn)真地聽(tīng)。真正的傾聽(tīng)至少需要做到以下幾點(diǎn)：第一，談話要不脫離中心。真正的傾聽(tīng)者不僅僅聽(tīng)所說(shuō)的話還要聽(tīng)語(yǔ)調(diào)。如果這個(gè)聲音聽(tīng)起來(lái)很沉悶，那么你就應(yīng)該換一個(gè)話題了。

最后。善談?wù)咭芎玫刂廊绾稳ヌ幚矸謩e的場(chǎng)景。如果你下次還想見(jiàn)到那個(gè)人就要表現(xiàn)出來(lái)。讓他們知道你的感受，他們?cè)陔x開(kāi)之后可能會(huì)感覺(jué)好像和你認(rèn)識(shí)半生了。

答案及解析

C【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文中Almost anyone，no matter how shyhe is，will answer a question．即“無(wú)論多害羞的人都會(huì)回答問(wèn)題”，從而使交流順利地進(jìn)行下去。故選c。

第25題單選修改

25. Generally speaking, good talkers are persons who

A．a(chǎn)re good at making any topic interesting

B．never talk too much or too little

C．a(chǎn)lways speak in a gentle way

D．know how and when he should change the topic of the talk

參考答案：B

參考解析：B【解析】推理判斷題。縱觀全文，善談?wù)卟坏朴趩?wèn)，還要善于聽(tīng)，因此他們既不會(huì)說(shuō)的太多也不會(huì)太少，因此選B。

第26題單選修改

If you really take delight in meeting someone again,

A．you may take him as your lifelong trustworthy friend

B．it seems necessary for you to let him know it

C．it' s proper for you to give him a second handshake

D．it' ll be helpful for you to have further understanding of him

參考答案：B

參考解析：B【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。文中最后一段If you want to see that personagain，don’t keep it a secret．即“如果你下次還想見(jiàn)到那個(gè)人就要表現(xiàn)出來(lái)”：因此選B。

第27題單選修改

閱讀下列短文,回答{TSE}題目.

Thousands of years ago man used handy rocks for his surgical operations. Later he used sharp bones or horns, metal knives and more recently, rubber and plastic. In the 1960s a new tool was developed, one which was, first of all, to be of great practical use to the armed forces and indus- try, but which was also to revolutionize the art and science of surgery.

The tool is the laser and it is being used by more and more surgeons all over the world. As we all know, light is hot, and any source of light will give warmth. But light is usually spread out over a wide area. The light in a laser beam, however, is concentrated. This means that a light with no more power than that produced by an ordinary electric light bulb becomes intensely strong as it is concentrated to a pinpoint-sized beam.

Experiments with these pinpoint beams showed researchers that different energy sources pro- duce beams that have a particular effect on certain living cells. It is now possible for eye surgeons to operate on the back of human eye without harming the front of the eye, simply by passing a laser beam right through the eye-ball. Operations which once left patients exhausted and in need of long period of recovery time now leave them feeling relaxed and comfortable.

The rapid development of laser techniques in the past ten years has made it clear that the future is likely to be very exciting. Perhaps some cancers will be treated with laser in a way that makes surgery not only safer but also more effective.

{TS} Which of the following would be appropriate to describe the instruments of surgical opera- tions up until 1960s?

A．Traditional.

B．Complicated.

C．Remarkable.

D．Revolutionary.

參考答案：A

參考解析： 參考譯文

幾千年前人們就用身邊的石頭做外科手術(shù)。后來(lái)人們開(kāi)始使用骨頭或者角、鐵刀，現(xiàn)在在用塑料和橡膠。20世紀(jì)60年代，發(fā)明了一種新工具，這種新工具首先應(yīng)用在軍事以及工業(yè)上，后來(lái)也漸漸地用于改善手術(shù)技術(shù)及外科學(xué)上。

這種新工具就是激光，全世界越來(lái)越多的人在使用它。我們都知道，任何種類的光都是熱的，都會(huì)散發(fā)熱量。但是光都會(huì)散發(fā)得很廣闊。然而激光束的光是集中的。這就意味著由普通電燈泡發(fā)出的光所產(chǎn)生的能量由于被集中到一起而變得十分巨大。

對(duì)這些精尖光束的實(shí)驗(yàn)還表明不同的能源產(chǎn)生的光束能夠?qū)罴?xì)胞產(chǎn)生不同的效應(yīng)。現(xiàn)在眼科醫(yī)生僅僅通過(guò)讓激光束通過(guò)眼球就能在后眼球上做手術(shù)而不傷害到前眼球。曾經(jīng)一度讓患者疲憊不堪，并且術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間漫長(zhǎng)的手術(shù)現(xiàn)在讓患者變得很輕松很舒服。

激光技術(shù)在過(guò)去十年中的迅速發(fā)展清楚顯示了激光技術(shù)的未來(lái)還是很樂(lè)觀的。也許一些癌癥也能夠用激光來(lái)治療，使得手術(shù)不僅更安全而且更有效。

答案及解析

A【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“以下哪個(gè)單詞能夠確切描述20世紀(jì)60年代以前的手術(shù)工具?”A選項(xiàng)的意為“傳統(tǒng)的”；B選項(xiàng)意為“復(fù)雜的”；C選項(xiàng)意為“非凡的”；D選項(xiàng)意為“革命的”。原文第一段提到幾千年前人們用石頭、牛角等做手術(shù)，由此可以推斷出選項(xiàng)A是正確的。

第28題單選修改

What do we find after the development of the laser in the 1960s?

A．Industrial revolution brought surgery changed greatly.

B．Medical help became available for industrial workers.

C．The study of art went through a complete revolution.

D．Human being's methods in surgery changed greatly.

參考答案：D

參考解析：D【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“20世紀(jì)60年代激光取得發(fā)展后我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)什么?”根據(jù)原文第一段最后一句可知“激光為外科手術(shù)帶來(lái)革命性的變化”，故選D。

第29題單選修改

The reason why the laser beam is very strong is that_______

A． it is artificially illuminated

B．it is made up of a concentrated beam of light

C．it sends out heat in all directions

D．its heat is increased by the heat of the sun

參考答案：B

參考解析：B【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思’是“為什么激光束的能量比較強(qiáng)?”根據(jù)原文第二段最后一句可知“能量被集中到一起而變得強(qiáng)大”。故答案為B。

第30題單選修改

After the use of the laser beam, surgeons can perform operations which

A．leave their patients with negative effects

B．can treat only human eye diseases

C．do little damage to their patients

D．make their patients need a long time to recover

參考答案：C

參考解析：C【解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干的意思是“使用激光束做手術(shù)時(shí)醫(yī)生可以。文中第三段提到“曾經(jīng)一度讓患者疲憊不堪，并且術(shù)后恢復(fù)時(shí)間漫長(zhǎng)的手術(shù)現(xiàn)在讓患者變得很輕松很舒服”，可以排除A和D。由文中最后一句“也許一些癌癥也能夠用激光來(lái)治療”可知B選項(xiàng)不正確。C選項(xiàng)意思為“使患者受到很小的傷害”。所以正確答案為C。

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