Vitamins

Vitamins are organic compounds which are present in certain foods and are essential to the health of men and other animals. __1__. Without these substances, the breakdown and absorption of foods could not occur. Certain vitamins participate in the formation of blood cells, hormones, nervous system chemicals, and genetic materials. __2__.Fat-soluble vitamins include vitamins A,D,E and K. The water-soluble vitamins include vitamin C and the B-vitamin complex.

Fat-soluble vitamins are usually absorbed with foods that contain fat. Excessive amounts of these vitamins are stored in the body's fat, the liver and kidneys. Because fat-soluble vitamins can be stored, they do not have to be consumed every day.

__3__. A deficiency of vitamin A leads to skin changes and night blindness, or failure of the eye to adapt to the dark. Vitamin A can be obtained directly from foods of animal origin such as milk, eggs, and liver.__4__.

Vitamin D acts muck like a hormone and regulates calcium and phosphorus absorption and metabolism. Some vitamin D is obtained from such foods as eggs, fish, liver, butter, and milk. But humans get most of their vitamin D from exposure of the skin to sunlight. A deficiency of vitamin D leads to bone problems.

The role of vitamin E in the human body has not been established. --__5__ Vitamin E is found in seed oil and wheat.

Vitamin K is necessary for the clotting of blood. It is produced in sufficient quantities by bacteria in the intestine, but is also provided by leafy green vegetables and eggs.

The water-soluble vitamins, C and B complex, cannot be stored and therefore need to be consumed daily to satisfy the body's needs. Vitamin C is important in the formation and maintenance of connective tissue. It protects gums, skin, and mucous membranes. It is mainly found in fruits like oranges.

B-complex vitamins serve a wide range of important metabolic functions and prevent some diseases. They are found mostly in the liver.

A. Vitamins are classified into two groups, that is, the fat-soluble(溶解脂肪的) and the water-soluble(溶解水的) vitamins.

B. Their functions are mainly to enhance the metabolism(新陳代謝) of proteins and fats.

C. It is necessary for a healthy life.

D. Vitamin A is essential for normal growth and for the health of epithelial cells.

E. It has been popularly advocated for a great variety of diseases, but no clear evidence exists that it eases any specific disease.

F. Vitamin A can also be obtained through eating green and yellow fruits and vegetables

標準答案： B,A,D,F,E

1.B.B中的Their與前句中的Vitamins呼應;而后句的句意(沒有這些物質，食物的碎化和吸收就不能進行。)揭示前句的內容應該是在談論Vitamins的“好處”，同時B中metabolism與后句中提到的“食物的碎化和吸收”呼應。

2.A.A在句意上總領后面兩句：后面兩句分別是在對fat-soluble(溶解脂肪的) vitamins 和 water-soluble(溶解水的) vitamins進行解釋。

3.D. 該段的核心詞(反復出現詞)是vitamin A，而后句談到vitamin A缺乏會造成的問題。在句意上與后句句意相關：一正(功效)一反(缺乏的后果)。

4.F.前句說到Vitamin A能如何被獲得，而F在句意上與之相呼應：談及Vitamin A“還能”怎樣被獲得。

5.E. 空格前句說vitamin E在人體中的功能還沒有被確認，后句說vitamin E在哪里能找到，同C相比，E更合理：E的句意也是表明vitamin E的“不確定的”功效，在句意上前后承接，而C只是籠統的說vitamin E是有必要的。

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