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記住上述要點了嗎?做幾道題,鞏固一下上面所講的內容:
盡量不要查字典!
1)The book ______ is now out of stock
A. which he bought it last week
B. which he bought last week
C. which he had bought last week
D. which it was bought last week
解題思路:如果你選擇了A或D,說明你對"句子成分"的概念,或對關系代詞在句子中可以做什么成分還不清楚,應該好好復習"什么叫定語從句?"一節;如果選C,說明你對時態概念仍不清楚,再復習"過去完成時"一節;正確答案為B,"which"在從句中做動詞bought的賓語。這里能不能將"which"改成"that"呢?當然可以,而且現在更多的是用"that".實際使用中,該句子中的"which"或"that"可以省掉,即:The book he bought last week is now out of stock. (他上周買的那本書現在脫銷。) ,即:當關系代詞在從句中當賓語時,可以省掉。
2) He is the man ______ is capable of finishing this task.
A. he
B. whom
C. who
D. which
解題思路:正確答案為C,關系代詞在從句中當主語,故選擇主格who而不是whom;任何A、D選擇說明學生缺乏最基本的語法概念,應補最基礎的語法課。
3)The only thing _____ can be done is to stop them from going there.
A. which
B. that
C. what
D. who
解題思路:記住:定語從句中永遠不可能出現what做連接詞, 記住這句話對理解"名詞性從句"會大有幫助; 既然先行詞為thing(事情), 就不能用who連接;同時出現"which"和"that",又沒有","號,當然選B(the only thing只能用 that連接,不能用 which連接)。下面一題的思路是一樣的:
4)All ______ is a continuous supply of the basic necessities of life.
A. which is needed
B. that is needed
C. what is needed
D. is needed
正確答案是:B 注意:all that = what, 不可能出現all what
5) Some of the roads have been flooded(淹沒), ______ our journey more difficult.
A. it makes
B. they make
C. which makes
D. which make
解題思路:四個答題中有兩個區分點:第一個區分點是:C、D都用了連接詞"which",而A、B沒有用,根據"逗號不能連接兩個句子"的原則,A、B肯定不對;第二個區分點是:C、D中,動詞一個用單數形式makes,一個用復數形式,這里應選擇C.為什么?非限制性定語從句中,除了說明先行的某個名詞外,還可以說明整個句子的內容,此時動詞用單數形式。全句意思:有的路已被洪水淹沒,這使我們的旅行更加困難。"which"代表"有的路已被洪水淹沒"這件事情。
考試時,當出現類似形式的題目而確實又看不懂句子意思時,應傾向于選擇which + 單數動詞的那個選項。
6)They have made another wonderful discovery, ______ of great importance to science.
A. which I think is
B. I think which is
C. which I think it is
D. I think of which is
解題思路:英語中的連接詞一般都是放在從句的最前面,據此,可以排除B、D選項;A、C的區分點是"it", 想一下本節的第一題,就能正確選擇答案A了。此類題目中,I think應理解為"插入語",要熟悉這種形式,
又如:
He is the man ______ I suppose is capable of finishing this task.
該題應填who而不是whom
(在從句中)當狀語時:關系副詞where及when
where : 當先行名詞在從句中當"地點狀語"時,用關系副詞where連接
例如:
The crime rate rises in cities where the unemployment rate increases. (失業率高的城市犯罪率也高。) 句中的where = in cities, 表示行為發生的地點。
這里的要點是能否區分是用that (which)還是用 where, 即:是做"主語、賓表語",還是做"地點狀語",例如:
I love the small town that we visited last week.
句中"town"做動詞"visited"的賓語,即"參觀過的小鎮",故用that連接。
I love the small town where I lived during my childhood.
句中"town" 是動詞"lived"的地點,即"童年時住過的小鎮",故用where.
這也是定語從句的一個考點。
when : 當先行名詞在從句中當"時間狀語"時,用關系副詞when連接, 例如:
July is the month when we have a lot of rain. (七月是多雨的月份。)
注意"when"定語從句后推的現象,例如:
I think (that) the day will finally come when air pollution can be put under control. (我認為空氣污染得以控制的一天最終會來到。)
放在主句后面作非限制定語從句時(前面一般加","號),"when"一般譯為"此時","那時", 例如:
The meeting will be put off until next month, when we will have made all the preparations. (會議將推遲到下月,那時一切就準備就緒了。)
另一個關系副詞是why,由于它固定與the reason搭配, 即: the reason why,不難理解,一般也不作為考試的重點。例如:
This is the reason why the electronic computer cannot entirely replace man. 這就是(為什么)電子計算機不能完全代替人的原因。
whose (= of which / whom):做先行詞(不管是人還是物)的定語,漢語為"…的",不要考慮是否是限制性或非限制性定語從句, 例如:
Pay attention to that boy whose temperature is very high. (理論上也可以寫成:Pay attention to that boy the temperature of whom is very high. 注意那個男孩,他的體溫很高。(非限制性) / 注意那個體溫很高的男孩。(限制性)
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