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Plants and Mankind

Botany(植物學(xué)), the study of plants, occupies a peculiar position in the history of human knowledge. We don’t know what our Stone Age ancestors knew about plants, but from what we can observe of preindustrialial societies that still exist, a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient. They have always been enormously important to the welfare of people, not only for food, but also for clothing, weapons, tools, dyes, Medicines, shelter, and many other purposes. Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon recognize hundreds of plants and know many properties of each. To them botany has no name and is probably not even recognized as a special branch of “knowledge” at all.

Unfortunately, the more industrialized we become the farther away we move from direct contact with plants. And the less distinct our knowledge of botany grows. Yet everyone comes unconsciously on an amazing amount of botanical knowledge, and few people will fail to recognize a rose, an apple, or an orchid. When our Neolithic ancestors, living in the Middle East about 10,000years ago, discovered that certain grasses could be harvested and their seeds planted for richer yields the next season, the first great step in a new association of plants and humans was taken. Grains were discovered and from them flowed the marvel of agriculture: cultivated crops. From then on, humans would increasingly take their living from the controlled production of a few plants, rather than getting a little here and a little there from many varieties that grew wild and the accumulated knowledge of tens of thousands of years of experience and intimacy with plants in the wild would begin to fade away.

1.It is logical that a detailed learning of plants and their properties must be extremely ancient.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.People cannot survive without plants.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.Tribes living today in the jungle of the Amazon teach botany to their children at school.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.Our direct contact with plants grows with the process of industrialization.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.Today people usually acquire a large amount of botanical knowledge from textbooks.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.People living in the Middle East first learned to grow plants for food about 10,000years ago.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.Once mankind began farming, they no longer had to get food from many varieties that grew wild.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

參考答案:

Plants and Mankind

1. A. 問題句說“‘關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來已久’這種說法是合乎邏輯的。”利用“關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)”作為答案線索短語(yǔ)，于是在文章第一段第2句話中發(fā)現(xiàn)含有該短語(yǔ)的句子。而在接下來的一句中發(fā)現(xiàn)“合乎邏輯的”這個(gè)問題句中的關(guān)鍵詞。對(duì)比問題句和答案相關(guān)句，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)問題句是一個(gè)句子，而原文采用了2個(gè)句子。比較他們語(yǔ)意上的差異：原文中代詞“This”回指上一句話中的陳述，即指代“關(guān)于植物及其特征的詳細(xì)知識(shí)一定由來已久”。可見原文的說法與問題句的說法一致。所以該題是考察代詞this的指代關(guān)系。

2. A. 該題可用常識(shí)直接判斷：人類沒有植物就不能生存這種說法應(yīng)該是正確的。而第1段雖然沒有直接地講到植物對(duì)于人類而言是極為重要的，但提到植物為人類提供了食物、衣服、工具、藥物等等生活必需品，植物是食物金字塔的基礎(chǔ)。所以該題是考察考生的語(yǔ)句的總結(jié)能力。

3. B. 利用“亞馬遜叢林中的部落”作為答案線索詞，于是在第一段結(jié)尾部分找到答案相關(guān)句。該句提到現(xiàn)今仍生活在亞馬遜叢林中的部落能識(shí)別成百上千種植物及其特征，但在他們的詞匯中還沒有“植物學(xué)”這個(gè)詞，甚至有可能不承認(rèn)“植物學(xué)”是專門的知識(shí)。因此在學(xué)校中不可能設(shè)該課。

4. B. 利用“工業(yè)化”作為答案線索詞，于是在第二段第一句話發(fā)現(xiàn)答案相關(guān)句，該句說工業(yè)化的程度越高，我們與植物的直接接觸就越少。

5. B. 利用“botanical knowledge”作為答案線索詞，于是我們?cè)诘诙蔚牡?句找到答案相關(guān)句。但說人們無意識(shí)地獲得了大量植物學(xué)知識(shí)，由此可以推出這些知識(shí)不是從教科書中獲得的。

6. A. 利用“10，000”作為答案線索詞(因?yàn)槟甏ǔＪ怯脭?shù)字表示)，于是在第二段發(fā)現(xiàn)有句子提到當(dāng)生活在約一萬(wàn)年前中東地區(qū)的人們發(fā)現(xiàn)從某些禾本植物中可以收獲糧食，并且播種后下一個(gè)收獲季節(jié)還能產(chǎn)出更多的糧食時(shí)，就邁開了植物和人類聯(lián)系的第1 大步。

7. B. 該題從常識(shí)判斷應(yīng)該是不正確。而在第二段末尾講從約一萬(wàn)年前開始從事農(nóng)耕起，人們逐漸地停止采食野果，這是因?yàn)槊妊繒r(shí)期的農(nóng)耕技術(shù)還十分落后，人們還不能從中獲得足夠的食物。

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（責(zé)任編輯：vstara）

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