Kidney Disease and Heart Disease Spur Each Other

Hearts and kidneys: If one’s diseased, better keep a close eye on1 the other. Surprising new research shows kidney disease somehow speeds up heart disease well before it has ravaged the kidneys. And perhaps not so surprising, doctors have finally proven that heart disease can trigger kidney destruction, too.

The work, from two studies involving over 50,000 patients, promises to boost efforts to diagnose simmering kidney disease earlier. All it takes are urine and blood tests that cost less than $ 25, something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks. 2 “The average patient knows their cholesterol,”says Dr. Peter McCullough, preventive medicine chief at Michigan’s William Beaumont Hospital. “The average patient has no idea of3 their kidney function.”

Chronic kidney disease, or CKD, is a quiet epidemic: Many of the 19 million Americans estimated to have it don’t know they do. The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged. End-stage kidney failure is rising fast, with 400,000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive, a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades, s

And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis, the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that point, something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn’t widely known, s Indeed, the new

research is highlighted in this month’s Archives of Internal Medicine with a call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously checking out the kidneys, and for better care of early kidney disease. 7

The link sounds logical. After alla , high blood pressure and diabetes are chief risk factors for both chronic kidney disease and heart attacks. But the link goes beyond" those risk factors, stresses McCullough: Once the kidneys begin to fail, something in turn10 accelerates heart disease, not just in the obviously sick or very old, but at what he calls “a shockingly early age.” McCullough and colleagues tracked more than 37,000 relatively young people—average age 53 — who volunteered for a kidney screening. Three markers of kidney function were checked: The rate at which kidneys filter blood, called the GFR or glomerular filtration rate11; levels of the protein albumin in the urinei and if they were anemic. They also were asked about previously diagnosed heart disease.

The odds of having heart disease rose steadily as each of the kidney markers worsened. More striking was the death data. At this age, few deaths are expected, and indeed just 191 people died during the study period. But those who had both CKD and known heart disease had a threefold increased risk of death in a mere 2 1/2 years, mostly from heart problems. “This study is very much a wake-up call,” McCullough says.

詞匯：

kidney/’kidni/n.腎

spur/spE:/v.刺激

ravage/5rAvidV/v.蹂躪;破壞;毀掉

trigger/5tri^E/v.激發(fā)，引起

destruction/dis5trQkFEn/n.破壞;毀滅

simmer/5simE/v.認(用小火)慢慢地煮 (燉);(感情等)即將爆發(fā)

proponent/prE5pEunEnt/n.提議者;支持者

cholesterol/kE5lestErEul, -rCl/n.膽固醇

epidemic/7epi5demik/adj.流行性的;流行病;(流行病)流行

filter/5filtE/n.過濾，濾過，濾清

bloodstream//n.血流

dialysis/dai5Alisis/n.透析

transplant/trAns5plB:nt/認移植n.移植;移植物

toll/tEul/n.代價;損失;(事故等)傷亡人數(shù)

terrify/5terifai/vt.嚇倒，嚇壞

disintegrate/dis5inti^reit/v.瓦解;蛻變

highlight/5haIlaIt/vt.使突出，使注意

archive/`B:kaIv/n.(常用復(fù)數(shù))檔案;檔案室

rigorously/adv.嚴格地

diabetes/7daiE5bi:ti:z, -ti:s/n.糖尿病，多尿癥

shockingly//adv.極度地，極端地

marker/5mB:kE/n.標(biāo)示物

albumin/Al5bjumin/n.清蛋白，白蛋白

anemic/E5ni:mik/adj.貧血的

odds/Cdz/n. (單復(fù)數(shù)同)可能性，機會

注釋：

1.keep a close eye on：密切地關(guān)注……

2.All it take sare urine and blood tests that cost less than $25，something proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks.這種對緩慢形成的腎病的早期診斷所采取的全部措施就是尿檢和血檢，其費用不足25美元，提出這項建議的人希望它能像膽固醇檢查那樣成為一種常規(guī)檢查。本句中，it takes是all的定語從句，something是urine and blood tests的同位語，proponents want to become as routine as cholesterol checks是something的定語從句。

3.have no idea of：沒有……的概念，不知道……

4.The kidneys lose their ability to filter waste out of the bloodstream so slowly that symptoms aren’t obvious until the organs are very damaged.腎臟如此緩慢地喪失它從血流中濾出廢物的能力，以至于直到該器官受到嚴重損傷時才有明顯癥狀。not…until：直

到……才……。

5.End-stage kidney failure is rising fast，with 400，000 people requiring dialysis or a transplant to survive，a toll that has doubled in each of the last two decades.終末期腎衰竭病人數(shù)目迅速增加，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才能存活，這個數(shù)字在近20年中每10年翻一番。end-stage kidney failure：終末期腎衰竭。a toll是400，000 people requiring dialysis ora transplant to survive的同位語。

6. And while CKD patients often are terrified of having to go on dialysis， the hard truth is that most will die of heart disease before their kidneys disintegrate to that voint， something kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn’t widely known.盡管慢性腎病患者常常害怕不得不去做腎透析，但是嚴酷的事實是，大多數(shù)人在腎臟還沒有那么糟糕以前就死于心臟病，這一點腎病專家?guī)啄昵熬鸵呀?jīng)知道，只是不被為人知而已。這里，something是the hard truth is…to that point這個句子的同位語，后面的kidney specialists have recognized for several years but isn’t widely known則是something的定語從句，省略了關(guān)系代詞that。

7.Indeed，the new research is highlighted in this month’s Archives of Internal Medicine with 9 call for doctors who care for heart patients to start rigorously’checking out the kidneys，and for bette rcare of early kidney disease.其實，這項新的研究在本月的《內(nèi)科檔案》雜志上就受到重視，該研究號召為心臟病人治病的醫(yī)生要開始嚴格地檢查病人的腎臟，并要更好地關(guān)注早期腎病。Archives。/Internal Medicine：《內(nèi)科檔案》。Call for：要求，號召，提倡。Check out：檢驗。

8.After all：畢竟

9.go beyond：超過

10.in turn：依次

11.Glome rular/giD’me巧ulo/filtration rate(GFR)：腎小球濾過率

練習(xí)：

1. How can one learn earlier whether he or she suffer simmering kidney disease?

A By cholesterol checks.

B By urine and blood tests.

C By keeping a close eye on one’s kidneys.

D By measuring the volume of urine output.

2. How many Americans suffer chronic kidney disease according to an estimation?

A 1,9,000,000.

B 400,000.

C 50,000.

D 37,000.

3. How many Americans suffered end-stage kidney failure and required dialysis or a transplant to survive twenty years ago according to an estimation?

A 400,000.

B 300,000.

C 200,000.

D 100,000.

4. What did the Archives of Internal Medicine call for doctors caring for heart patients to do?

A To examine their patients’ heart function carefully.

B To have their patients’ chests X-ra Yed regularly.

C To select volunteers from their patients for a kidney screening.

D To start rigorously checking out their patients’ kidneys.

5. Which of the following is NOT one of the three markers of kidney function?

A Levels of the protein albumin in the urine.

B Levels of the white blood cells in the blood.

C The rate at which kidneys filter blood.

D Whether one is anemic or not

參考答案：

1.B 第二段第一、二句說到，加速慢性腎病的診斷所使用的方法就是尿檢和血檢，故B項為正確答案。

2.A 第三段第一句說。在估計患有慢性腎病的1，900萬美國人呼叫很多人不知道自己患此病，可見A項是正確答案。

3.D 第三段最后一句說.終末期腎衰竭病人數(shù)日迅速增加，有40萬人需要腎透析或腎移植才能存活.這個數(shù)字在近20年小每10年翻一番。按此計算，10年前應(yīng)為20萬人，20年前就應(yīng)是10萬人，故正確答案應(yīng)為1)。

4.D 第四段最后一句說到，《內(nèi)科檔案》雜志號召為心臟病人治病的醫(yī)生要開始嚴格地檢查病人的腎臟，D項正是它要求做的事情。

5.B 第五段倒數(shù)第二句列㈩了腎功能的三個標(biāo)志物.選項C、A、D均包括在內(nèi)，唯獨沒有B項，故B項是本題答案。

針對2014年職稱英語考試備考，總有另考生束手無策的疑難問題。例如，對于想?yún)⒓?a class="blue" href="http://raboqa.com/zc/" target="_blank">2014年職稱英語考試的新考生來說，2014年職稱英語報名條件、職稱英語考試科目等考試信息，你是否想詳細咨詢一下？如果你有意向參加中大網(wǎng)校職稱英語考試培訓(xùn)，職稱英語輔導(dǎo)優(yōu)惠方案你是否想了解一下？在聽課過程中，如果你對某一個知識點有疑問等，諸如此類的問題和疑惑，你都可以通過職稱英語考試你問我答平臺，發(fā)起你的疑問，屆時，中大網(wǎng)校職稱英語培訓(xùn)顧問及資深命題專家將在第一時間解答你的疑問。中大網(wǎng)校考試知道，總有人知道你問題的答案，詳情請查看>>