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Unit2(第4講—第6講)
Text A Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes
本課主要單詞
1. tax n. & v. 稅(款);對(duì)…征稅
The government plans to increase taxes by 3 percent.
(政府計(jì)劃把稅收增加三個(gè)百分點(diǎn)。)
In Britain， tobacco and alcoholic drinks are heavily taxed.
(在英國(guó)，煙草和酒類飲品的稅收很高。)
income tax(所得稅) sales tax(銷售稅)
import tax(進(jìn)口稅) housing and land tax(房地產(chǎn)稅)
VAT (value-added tax)(增值稅) poll tax(人頭稅)
tax-collector(稅務(wù)員) tax-payer(納稅人)
dodge tax(逃稅，漏稅) tax-free(免稅的)
2. type n. 類型，種類，品種
v. 打字
No one knows why he doesn't like this type of work.(沒(méi)有人知道他為什么不喜歡這種工作。)
The manager asked Mary to type the letter again.(經(jīng)理要瑪麗把信重打一遍。)
typewriter(打字機(jī)) typist(打字員)
3. salary n. 工資 v. (常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài))給…發(fā)薪
salaried adj. 拿薪水的，領(lǐng)工資的
She was happy to know that she would get a promotion and an increase in salary.(得知她將得到提級(jí)和加薪，她很開(kāi)心。)
Don't worry about him， he will be salaried by a big company.(別為他擔(dān)心，一家大公司會(huì)給他發(fā)薪水。)
With his knowledge and experience he was bound to get a high-salaried post.(憑借他的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，他一定能找到一份高薪的工作。)
salary和 wage的區(qū)別在于：salary是指為從事非體力勞動(dòng)的人按月支付的薪水，wage則通常指為從事體力勞動(dòng)的人按周支付的薪水。
4. earn v. 掙得;贏得，獲得
He worked 14 hours a day in order that he could earn enough to support the family.(為了能掙足夠的錢養(yǎng)家，他每天工作十四小時(shí)。)
His sincerity earns him friends wherever he goes.(無(wú)論走到哪，他的真誠(chéng)都能贏得朋友。)
5. percentage n. 百分比，百分率;比例，部分
percent / per cent n. 每百中，百分之…
The percentage of university enrollment will be greatly increased this year.(今年，大學(xué)錄取的百分比將大大提高。)
About 70 percent of high school graduates in Nanjing will be enrolled by universities this year.(今年，南京的高中畢業(yè)生將有百分之七十被高校錄取。)
6. vary vi. 變化，有不同
vt. 改變，使不同
Prices of fish vary from 70 cents a pound to one dollar a pound.(魚的價(jià)格從七十美分到一美元一磅不等。)
The weather in this area varies from hour to hour.(這兒的天氣時(shí)刻有變化。)
I didn't vary my plan at the last moment.(我在最后一刻沒(méi)有改變我的計(jì)劃。)
7. graduated adj.(稅)累進(jìn)的;刻度的
graduate v. & n. 畢業(yè);畢業(yè)生
graduation n. 畢業(yè)
As the federal government has a graduated income tax， the more you earn， the higher tax you have to pay. 因?yàn)槁?lián)邦政府實(shí)行累進(jìn)所得稅，所以，你掙的越多，繳的所得稅就越高。
A graduated glass will enable you to know how much water you have put into the vessel.(量杯能夠使你知道你在容器里放了多少水。)
He graduated from high school last year. But it was difficult for a high school graduate to find a satisfactory job.
(他去年高中畢業(yè)，但是高中畢業(yè)生要找一份稱心如意的工作是很困難的。)
After graduation she went to work in a hospital as a nurse. (畢業(yè)后，她去醫(yī)院做了一名護(hù)士。)
8. sale n. 出售，賣;廉價(jià)出售
sell v. 賣
Mr. Smith is now interested in my car and I hope I can make the sale today.(史密斯先生現(xiàn)在對(duì)我的汽車感興趣，我希望今天就能賣成。)
He sold his bike to Tom.(他把自行車賣給了湯姆。)
for sale(待售) on sale(上市的)
a clearance sale(清倉(cāng)拍賣) sales department(營(yíng)業(yè)部)
sales promotion(促銷活動(dòng)) sales manager(銷售經(jīng)理)
salesperson / salesclerk(營(yíng)業(yè)員)
9. charge v. 索價(jià);指控;使充滿
n. 價(jià)錢;指控;負(fù)責(zé)
He charged me 10 yuan for a bowl of plain rice.(一碗白米飯，他要了我十塊錢。)
The young man was charged with stealing.(那個(gè)年輕人被指控犯了盜竊罪。)
Charge your glasses and drink to our friendship.(斟滿杯，為我們的友誼干杯。)
The charge for a front-row seat is 250 yuan.(前排座位票價(jià)250元。)
The police arrested him on a charge of murder.(警察以謀殺罪拘捕了他。)
Who will be in charge of our class when the teacher is away?(老師不在的時(shí)候，誰(shuí)管我們班?)
10. figure n. 數(shù)字;人物;外形
v. 想出;算出;估計(jì)
He has a good head for figures.(他的數(shù)字概念很強(qiáng)。)
No one had expected that his savings could reach 5 figures in such a short time.(誰(shuí)也沒(méi)料到在這么短的時(shí)間里，他的存款能達(dá)到五位數(shù)。)
He was an important figure in American history.(他是美國(guó)歷史上的重要人物。)
She was always worrying about her figure as she couldn't resist the temptation of chocolates. (她抵御不了巧克力的誘惑，所以總是擔(dān)心自己的體形。)
We are trying to figure out a way to help them.(我們正在想辦法幫助他們。)
Figure out the expenses and see if we have enough money.(算一算費(fèi)用，看看我們的錢是否夠。)
She brought an umbrella as she figured they might need it.(她帶了一把傘，因?yàn)樗烙?jì)他們會(huì)需要。)
11. add v. 增加，增添
addition n. 加 (in addition to除…之外)
additional adj. 附加的，另外的
The fire is going out， add more wood to it. (火要滅了，再加些木柴。)
His explanation adds to my confusion.(他的解釋使我更加糊涂。)
In addition to leaves， these animals eat a great deal of fruit.(除了樹(shù)葉之外，這些動(dòng)物還吃大量的水果。)
It will take an additional two days to finish the work.(還要再花兩天時(shí)間才能完成這項(xiàng)工作。)
12. revenue n. 收入，收益;稅收
The manager is worrying about the drop in advertising revenue.(經(jīng)理正為廣告收入的下降著急。)
The loss of tax revenue in many areas is getting higher.(許多地區(qū)的稅收流失越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重。)
the Public Revenue(財(cái)政收入，國(guó)庫(kù)收入)
Inland Revenue(國(guó)內(nèi)稅收) revenue department(稅務(wù)部門)
13. diverse adj. 不同的;多種多樣的
diversity n. 多樣性;差異
He is a man of diverse talent.(他是一個(gè)有多種才能的人。)
They offered us diverse suggestions at the meeting.(他們?cè)跁?huì)上給我們提出了各種各樣的建議。)
His writing displays the diversities of human behavior.(他的作品展示了人類行為的多樣性。)
A great diversity of methods has been tried in doing this experiment.(實(shí)驗(yàn)中嘗試過(guò)各種各樣的方法。)
14. confuse v. 使混亂，混淆
confusion n. 混亂，慌亂
What he said just now confuses all of us.(他剛才說(shuō)的話把我們都弄糊涂了。)
Her answers have only added to his confusion.(她的回答只使他更加糊涂。)
15. property n. 財(cái)產(chǎn)，資產(chǎn);(房)地產(chǎn);特性，性質(zhì)
That car is my property， you cannot use it without my permission.(那輛車是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，沒(méi)我的允許，你不能動(dòng)用。)
The city is growing and property in the center is becoming more valuable.(城市在發(fā)展，市中心的房地產(chǎn)越來(lái)越有價(jià)值了。)
Many plants have medicinal properties.(許多植物有藥用特性。)
state property (國(guó)家財(cái)產(chǎn)) personal property(動(dòng)產(chǎn))
real property / estate(不動(dòng)產(chǎn)) intellectual property(知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán))
16. excise n. 國(guó)產(chǎn)稅，本國(guó)消費(fèi)稅
exercise n.& v. 行使，運(yùn)用;鍛煉;練習(xí)
customs n. 關(guān)稅 (Customs 海關(guān))
17. fund n. 基金，專款;儲(chǔ)備，貯存
v. 提供資金，供以款項(xiàng)
We would set up a fund to help those children whose parents couldn't afford to send them to school.(我們將設(shè)立一項(xiàng)基金，幫助那些父母供不起他們讀書的孩子。)
They have a fund of knowledge and experience to draw on.(他們有豐富的知識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)可利用。)
This research is funded by the government.(這項(xiàng)研究由政府提供資金。)
18. department n. 部，部門;系科
the State Department (美國(guó))國(guó)務(wù)院 the Department of Education 教育部
department store 百貨商店 the department of physics 物理系
19. municipal adj. 市的，市政的
the municipal government 市政府
municipal administration 市政管理
a municipal university 市立大學(xué)
20. complain v. 抱怨，埋怨，發(fā)牢騷，訴苦
complaint n. 抱怨，訴說(shuō)
He complained to the manager about / of the poor after-service.(他對(duì)經(jīng)理抱怨說(shuō)售后服務(wù)太差。)
She complained about / of her husband's carelessness.(她抱怨說(shuō)她丈夫太粗心。)
The teacher complained that the students didn't work hard enough.(老師抱怨學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)不夠努力。)
It is a common complaint that today's children lack the sense of cooperation.(人們常常抱怨今天的孩子缺少合作意識(shí)。)
21. impractical adj. 不切實(shí)際的，不能實(shí)行的
practical adj. 實(shí)際的，可行的
His suggestion sounds good， but it is really impractical.(他的建議聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)，但是的確不切實(shí)際。)
How long will it be before this theory can be put into practical use? (這一理論還要多久才能被實(shí)際運(yùn)用?)
22. program n. 計(jì)劃;(電視)節(jié)目;程序
v. 使按預(yù)定步驟工作;編程
They are drawing up a program of water purification.(他們正在制定一個(gè)凈水計(jì)劃。)
Tonight's TV programs will be very interesting.(今晚的電視節(jié)目會(huì)非常有趣。)
I know nothing about computer programs.(我對(duì)電腦編程一竅不通。)
You can program it to do different tasks at specific times.(你可以使它在特定的時(shí)間按計(jì)劃完成各項(xiàng)不同的任務(wù)。)
23. view n. 看法，觀點(diǎn);視野，眼界;景色，風(fēng)景
v. 看待，考慮
He was unwilling to express his views on what had happened.(他不愿意就所發(fā)生的一切發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。)
When we stood on the top of the mountain， the whole city came into our view.(我們站在山頂時(shí)，整個(gè)城市盡收眼底。)
Looking out of the window， he had a fine view of the Slender West Lake.(朝窗外望去，他看到了瘦西湖的美景。)
Several possible buyers have come to view your car.(幾個(gè)想買車的人來(lái)看過(guò)你的車了。)
If you stand in his shoes to view the problem， you will come to a totally different conclusion. (如果你站在他的立場(chǎng)上來(lái)考慮這個(gè)問(wèn)題，你會(huì)得出完全不同的結(jié)論。)
24. issue n. 問(wèn)題，爭(zhēng)論點(diǎn);發(fā)行
v. 出版，發(fā)行，頒布
At today's meeting we have to spend some time discussing this issue.(在今天的會(huì)上，我們得花點(diǎn)時(shí)間討論這個(gè)問(wèn)題。)
The minute he got the latest issue of the sports magazine， he read it with great interest.(一拿到最新一期的體育雜志，他就津津有味地看了起來(lái)。)
Her first novel issued in May.(她的第一部小說(shuō)于五月份出版了。)
He issued instructions that the prisoners should be set free.(他下令釋放犯人。)
25. tend v. 護(hù)理，照管
tend to 易于，往往會(huì);傾向于
She is tending a very sick patient. (她在護(hù)理一位重病人。)
In addition to his full-time job， he tends a bar.(除了一份全日制的工作，他還照管一個(gè)酒吧。)
When you ask her more than one question， she tends to get impatient.(你問(wèn)她兩個(gè)以上的問(wèn)題，她往往會(huì)不耐煩。)
He tends to be optimistic no matter what happens.(無(wú)任發(fā)生任何事情，他總傾向于樂(lè)觀。)
本課主要構(gòu)詞法
Conversion (轉(zhuǎn)類法──名詞和動(dòng)詞相互轉(zhuǎn)類)
tax type salary charge
packet figure fund protest
program view issue tend
本課簡(jiǎn)介
Taxes， Taxes， and More Taxes 介紹了美國(guó)三級(jí)政府(聯(lián)邦政府，州政府，市政府)征收的三種稅(income tax，sales tax，property tax and excise tax)。美國(guó)人對(duì)稅收的一致看法是：The taxes are too high. 這篇文章對(duì)我們了解美國(guó)社會(huì)很有幫助，值得一讀。
本課主要語(yǔ)言點(diǎn)
1. Americans often say that there are two things a person can be sure of in life： death and taxes.
句中的that引導(dǎo)的是一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)從句，例如：Everybody knows that the earth goes around the sun.(眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。)
請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：
1) 他知道我不會(huì)責(zé)怪他。(He knew that I wouldn't blame him.)
2) 媽媽說(shuō)他必須在六點(diǎn)以前回來(lái)。(Mother said that he had to be back before 6：00.)
3) 我想天氣很快會(huì)放晴。(I think that it is going to clear up soon.)
4) 我相信他對(duì)我說(shuō)了實(shí)話。(I believe that he told me the truth.)
句中的a person can be sure of …是定語(yǔ)從句，修飾two things， 引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that被省去了。例如：Have you found the book you want?(你找到你要的書了嗎?)
請(qǐng)翻譯下面的句子：
1) 他找到了他丟失的那塊表。(He found the watch he had lost.)
2) 這兒有很多我感興趣的書。(There are many books I am interested in.)
編輯推薦：
2011年自考《英語(yǔ)(一)》考前重點(diǎn)復(fù)習(xí)匯總
（責(zé)任編輯：中大編輯）
