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| 考試日期： | 2012年11月17日 |
| Reading Passage 1 | |
| Title: | 生物技術(shù)仿生學 Bionics |
| Question types: | Matching, TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN |
| 文章內(nèi)容回顧 | 主要是講生物技術(shù)，利用自然做成其他東西的三個階段。 |
英文原文閱讀 |
Bionics (also known as biomimicry, biomimetics, bio-inspiration, biognosis, and close to bionical creativity engineering) is the application of biological methods and systems found in nature to the study and design of engineering systems and modern technology. The word bionic was coined by Jack E. Steele in 1958, possibly originating from the technical term bion (pronounced bee-on) (from Ancient Greek, meaning 'unit of life' and the suffix -ic, meaning 'like' or 'in the manner of', hence 'like life'. Some dictionaries, however, explain the word as being formed as a portmanteau from biology + electronics. It was popularized by the 1970s television series The Six Million Dollar Man and The Bionic Woman, which were based upon the novel Cyborg by Martin Caidin, which was influenced by Steele's work, and feature humans given superhuman powers by electromechanical implants.The transfer of technology between lifeforms and manufactures is, according to proponents of bionic technology, desirable because evolutionary pressure typically forces living organisms, including fauna and flora, to become highly optimized and efficient. A classical example is the development of dirt- and water-repellent paint (coating) from the observation that the surface of the lotus flower plant is practically unsticky for anything (the lotus effect). The term "biomimetic" is preferred when reference is made to chemical reactions.[citation needed] In that domain, biomimetic chemistry refers to reactions that, in nature, involve biological macromolecules (for example, enzymes or nucleic acids) whose chemistry can be replicated using much smaller molecules in vitro. Examples of bionics in engineering include the hulls of boats imitating the thick skin of dolphins; sonar, radar, and medical ultrasound imaging imitating the echolocation of bats. In the field of computer science, the study of bionics has produced artificial neurons, artificial neural networks, and swarm intelligence. Evolutionary computation was also motivated by bionics ideas but it took the idea further by simulating evolution in silico and producing well-optimized solutions that had never appeared in nature.It is estimated by Julian Vincent, professor of biomimetics at the University of Bath's department of mechanical engineering Biomimetics group, that "at present there is only a 12% overlap between biology and technology in terms of the mechanisms used" |
| 題型難度分析 | 據(jù)考生回顧，本篇文章雖為第一篇，但是在三篇中較難，題目順序有些亂，例子很多。 |
題型技巧分析 |
是非無判斷題是雅思閱讀的經(jīng)典題型，雖然今年的題量相對減少，但是仍是復(fù)習備考時應(yīng)關(guān)注的題型。 首先應(yīng)該注意看清是TRUE還是YES, 本篇是TRUE/ FALSE/ NOT GIVEN。 解題步驟： 1. 速讀問題的句子，找出考點詞（容易有問題的部分）。考點詞：比較級，最高級，數(shù)據(jù)（時間），程度副詞，特殊形容詞，絕對化的詞（only, most, each, any, every, the same as等） 2. 排除考點詞，在余下的詞中找定位詞，去原文定位。 3. 重點考察考點詞是否有提及，是否正確。 TRUE的原則是同義替換，至少有一組近義詞。 FALSE是題目和原文截然相反，不可共存，通常有至少一組反義詞。 NOT GIVEN原文未提及，不做任何推斷，尤其多考察題目的主語等名詞在原文是否有提及。 |
| 劍橋雅思推薦原文練習 | 劍4 Test1 Passage1 劍5 Test3 Passage1 |
（責任編輯：liushengbao）
