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一、英譯漢概要(二)
(二)句子層面
1、調整結構
He spoke with understandable pride of his experience.
他自豪地講起他的經歷,這是可以理解的。
2、加詞解釋
(1)意義或修飾上增詞
Enclosed is our latest catalogue.
隨函附上我們最新的商品目錄。
Trade wars arise from a ruthless determination on the part of a company or country to capture the market.
貿易戰是一個公司或國家為占領市場而做出無情的決定引起的。(增加了動詞“做出”)
With what enthusiasm the Chinese people are building socialism.
中國人民正在以多么高的熱情建設社會主義呀!(增加了形容詞“高的”)
This typewriter is indeed cheap and fine.
這部打字機真是價廉物美。(增加了形容詞前的名詞)
The two countries cooperated militarily, politically and economically.
兩國在軍事、政治和經濟等方面進行了合作。(增加“等方面”表示概括性的詞)
(2)句法上增詞
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.
讀書使人充實,討論使人機智,寫作使人準確。(增加了省略的動詞)
3、減詞省略
We live and learn.
活到老,學到老。(省略了泛指人稱代詞we)
漢語詞語之間多是意合關系,而英語則是形合關系,因此英譯漢時連詞常省略。
Practically all substances expand when heated and contract when cooled.
實際上一切物質都是熱脹冷縮的。(省略了時間連詞when)
一般來說,表示時間和地點的介詞,譯成漢語如出現在句首,大多可以省略不譯。
The People’s Republic of China was founded in October, 1949.
1949年10月中華人民共和國成立。(省略表時間的介詞)
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
公共場所不許吸煙。(省略表地點的介詞)
4、重復
Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as of admiration.
無知是羨慕的根源,也是恐懼的根源。(重復介詞前省略的名詞)
Reading exercises one’s eyes; speaking, one’s tongue; while writing, one’s mind.
閱讀訓練人的眼睛,說話訓練人的口才,寫作訓練人的思維。(重復動詞)
He hated failure; he had conquered it all his life, risen above it, despised it in others.
他討厭失敗,他一生中途曾戰勝失敗,超越失敗,并且藐視別人的失敗。(重復代詞代替的名詞)
Wherever oppressions existed, there would be resistance.
哪里有壓迫,哪里就有反抗。(重復wherever等關系代詞和副詞)
5、正反轉換
The two sides said they keep mum over the deal because it was only tentative.
簽約雙方都說不想張揚是因為交易本身尚未最后定奪。
We may safely say so.
我們這樣說萬無一失。
It was beyond his power to sign such a contract.
他無權簽訂這種合同。
The doubt was still unsolved after his repeated explanations.
雖然他一再解釋,疑團仍然存在。
All the articles are untouchable in the museum.
博物館內一切展品禁止觸摸。
6、被動語態
I was told that there is something wrong with the new order .
我聽說新定單出了點問題。
Government involvement is generally considered to be detrimental to competition and the optimal allocation of the factors of production.
人們普遍認為政府干預只會對競爭不利,只會有損于生產要素的最佳配置。
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